Life expectancy associated with different ages at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in high-income countries: 23 million person-years of observation
IntroductionThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing globally, driven mainly by behavioural and societal factors related to obesity, nutrition, and physical activity.
In 2021, 537 million adults were estimated to have diabetes worldwide, with increasing numbers diagnosed at younger ages.
Previous estimates have suggested that adults with type 2 diabetes die, on average, 6 years earlier than their counterparts without diabetes. However, how this average reduction in life expectancy varies according to age at diagnosis is uncertain. Valid characterisation of this association requires prospective comparison of outcomes within the same cohorts of people with diabetes diagnosed at varying ages. However, few population cohorts have had sufficient statistical power, detail, and duration of follow-up to enable reliable estimation.
Moreover, previous modelling studies—which used state-transition models and life tables that rely on inputs from aggregated data—have considered diabetes only as a binary condition (i.e. absent or present) when estimating its effect on life expectancy. Few published studies have therefore directly analysed the association of age at diagnosis of diabetes with mortality and life expectancy.
We aimed to provide reliable estimates of the associations of age at diagnosis of diabetes with all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and reductions in life expectancy in high-income countries. We analysed individual records from 97 long-term, prospective cohorts, involving 1 515 718 participants followed up for a total of 23·1 million person-years.
Summary
Background
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly, particularly among younger age groups. Estimates suggest that people with diabetes die, on average, 6 years earlier than people without diabetes. We aimed to provide reliable estimates of the associations between age at diagnosis of diabetes and all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and reductions in life expectancy.
Methods
For this observational study, we conducted a combined analysis of individual-participant data from 19 high-income countries using two large-scale data sources: the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (96 cohorts, median baseline years 1961–2007, median latest follow-up years 1980–2013) and the UK Biobank (median baseline year 2006, median latest follow-up year 2020). We calculated age-adjusted and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality according to age at diagnosis of diabetes using data from 1 515 718 participants, in whom deaths were recorded during 23·1 million person-years of follow-up. We estimated cumulative survival by applying age-specific HRs to age-specific death rates from 2015 for the USA and the EU.
Findings
For participants with diabetes, we observed a linear dose–response association between earlier age at diagnosis and higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with participants without diabetes. HRs were 2·69 (95% CI 2·43–2·97) when diagnosed at 30–39 years, 2·26 (2·08–2·45) at 40–49 years, 1·84 (1·72–1·97) at 50–59 years, 1·57 (1·47–1·67) at 60–69 years, and 1·39 (1·29–1·51) at 70 years and older. HRs per decade of earlier diagnosis were similar for men and women.
Using death rates from the USA, a 50-year-old individual with diabetes died on average 14 years earlier when diagnosed aged 30 years, 10 years earlier when diagnosed aged 40 years, or 6 years earlier when diagnosed aged 50 years than an individual without diabetes.
Using EU death rates, the corresponding estimates were 13, 9, or 5 years earlier.
Interpretation
Every decade of earlier diagnosis of diabetes was associated with about 3–4 years of lower life expectancy, highlighting the need to develop and implement interventions that prevent or delay the onset of diabetes and to intensify the treatment of risk factors among young adults diagnosed with diabetes."
Interpretation
Every decade of earlier diagnosis of diabetes was associated with about 3–4 years of lower life expectancy, highlighting the need to develop and implement interventions that prevent or delay the onset of diabetes and to intensify the treatment of risk factors among young adults diagnosed with diabetes."
Words above and much more to read with all research links can be seen here
h/t Marks Daily Apple Site here
More than 29 million people in the United States have diabetes. That’s nearly 1 in 10 people, according to figures from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Most cases of the disease are type 2 diabetes — a condition in which the body doesn’t make enough insulin, uses insulin incorrectly, or both. This can cause high levels of sugar in the blood. People with type 2 diabetes must control this sugar, or blood glucose, with a combination of medications, like insulin, and lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise. Diet is key to diabetes management.
Found in many foods such as breads, starches, fruits, and sweets, carbohydrate is the macronutrient that causes blood sugar levels to go up. Managing carbohydrate intake helps people manage their blood sugar.
Many thanks for reading the above, do please share your thoughts in the comments.
Most cases of the disease are type 2 diabetes — a condition in which the body doesn’t make enough insulin, uses insulin incorrectly, or both. This can cause high levels of sugar in the blood. People with type 2 diabetes must control this sugar, or blood glucose, with a combination of medications, like insulin, and lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise. Diet is key to diabetes management.
Found in many foods such as breads, starches, fruits, and sweets, carbohydrate is the macronutrient that causes blood sugar levels to go up. Managing carbohydrate intake helps people manage their blood sugar.
All the best Jan
27 comments:
...sobering.
I think carbs in moderation should be fine - as almost anything that is not consumed excessively. I can't imagine not eating bread; it is such a staple in many countries. As are pasta and rice. Finding a good balance is not always easy, but certainly worthwhile.
Con la diabetes hay que cuidarse. Te mando un beso.
I suspect that every chronic disease reduces life expectancy. It is up to us to make the best of what we have.
Interesting Jan.
A sobering thought.
It is certainly a big worry. Calorie restriction and keeping active.
Great post and information.
Take care, have a wonderful week!
Those are very worrying statistics, especially so when we all have it in our power to try to live healthily.
Muito interessante.
Um abraço e boa semana.
Andarilhar
Dedais de Francisco e Idalisa
Livros-Autografados
It's sad we live in a time where so much food is available to many (but not all), and that so much of that food is really not healthy food at all. This was interesting, and I enjoyed reading it. Happy new week to you both.
Thanks for the information! Have a great week, Valerie
Makes one really think
lot's of great information. i think obesity and then diabetes is being diagnosed much more often now than in years past. everything in moderation and living a healthy lifestyle can really help!!
Good to know thank you.-christine cmlk79.blogspot.com
Thanks for this information. It helped me a lot
SMS
message
mensaje
It is sad that while most people understand the sugar connection, they don’t understand that carbs like bread turn into sugar. Or I guess they don’t want to know.
Good info to know.
Interesting articles and important ones, Jan. I confess, when my A1C went a little higher than it should, I freaked. Cut all but natural sugars (unless it was a special occasion) and really cut carbs. So far, 20 puns down and the numbers are down too. You can do it with diet if you get on it right away. Wait too long and all bets are off!
Wonderfully informative post on diabetes ~ thanks,
Wishing you good health, laughter and love in your days,
A ShutterBug Explores,
aka (A Creative Harbor)
Good information. :)
Thanks for all the info. Both of my husbands parents have type 2 diabetes.
I've read and I've heard, that there are countless people who have diabetes but haven't yet been diagnosed. If one is found to be pre-diabetic they often don't take it seriously. I remember that I really didn't think a lot about diabetes until I got diagnosed with it. Now I know just how complicated it can be.
Wow that sure does take a big bite of time away, my brother is in his mid 70's, hope we have many more years with him
It is a scary diagnosis :( and the cost of treatment is unaffordable for so many.
Siempre interesante. Mi marido es diabético. Besos.
Good information.
Post a Comment